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(II). SCHEMES

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - SCHEMES BASIC FACILITIES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS IN HOUSING.

BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II).


The three assemblies explained in the previous section are the most typical homes, this section will continue to see some of these assemblies:


Switch with 4 .- buzzer. Functional scheme.



The difference between button and switch is that the first current passes only while we are pressing.


5 .- install a fluorescent tube.


Indeed from the point of view of the mounting scheme could be replaced by a simple point of light and that is framed in red belong mounted factory. However, from the standpoint of maintenance if it is necessary to know how they fit the ballast and the primer with the fluorescent tube.


6 .- Point light socket. Functional scheme.

As can be seen the outlet is mounted directly between the phase and neutral, the mission of the outlet is just that, having the potential difference between terminals of the same to feed any receiver .


Although this setup is correct is becoming less usual outlets will find yourself to be part of lighting circuit (C1) for the installation but belong to the tap circuit for multiple uses (C2). Therefore, in the junction box should appear at least one other circuit circuit (C2)

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7 .- Coupling of lamps in series.


8 .- Coupling of lamps in parallel.


José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

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basic facilities.

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEDULES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CIRCUITS CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSING. SCHEMES

basic facilities.

1 .- simple point of light. Functional scheme

Click to view.

functional in the diagrams represent the same in the most simplified possible, we can easily see which is the operation of the assembly. Likewise are the basis for assembly of actual schemes.

simple point of light. Real scheme.

Click to view.
Once we know the functional outline the next step is to mount the installation as it would in reality.

The actual schema assembly is achieved by a methodical reading of the functional scheme, in this case would be:

a) From phase we get a driver to a fuse terminal (not shown in the actual schema)

b) the other terminal of the driver pull a fuse to a switch terminal.

c) The other terminal of the switch to a terminal to join the lamp.

d) The other terminal of the lamp's join with the neutral.

2 .- Light spot switched from two points. Functional scheme.

Click to view.

Before drawing the actual schema is appropriate that we observe in the figure above the differences between a switch and a switch.

As shown the switch has three terminals that are identified with signs: c, 1 and 2.

The terminal "c" (common) will always continue with the other two terminals, the figure would give continuity to the terminal 2 but If you operate the mechanism would cease to continue with the 2 and happen to give continuity with the 1

Click to view.

Performance: 1 .-

position constraint represented the lamp would be off.

2 .- If the common triggers C1 (c) would give continuity to the terminal (1) and therefore the current may flow until the switch lighting the lamp C2.

3 .- If we start from the situation before and we activate your terminal C2 (c) would give continuity to the terminal (2) and therefore the lamp fail.

Repeat these opportunities as often as want.

This installation is typical in the bedroom, turn on the lamp to enter the room and off from the bedside table.

light point switched from two points. Real scheme.

Click to view.

3 .- Light spot switched from three points.

Click to view.



To make this assembly will use a new mechanism, the crossover switch.

As shown in Figure switch crossing has four terminals, so you always are giving continuity pairs. The two possible combinations are:

Position 1:
continuity 1 to 3 continued 1 to 2

Position 2:
continuity 2 to 4 3 -4
continuity
Terminals never give continuity are (1 to 4) and (2 to 3)

Click to view.


light point switched from three points. Real scheme.

This type of installation is typical of the double bedrooms, light can be controlled from the input and from each of the bedside tables.

If the number of switching points is greater than three would be achieved by inserting cross switches.

facilities discussed so far are plants belonging to the lighting circuit, some characteristics of this circuit in accordance with the Regulation for Low Tension are:

Click to view.

(5) This corresponds to an installation of two ground conductors and PVC in conduit embedded in work, according to Table 1 of ITC-BT-19. Other sections may be required for other types of cable or installation conditions.

(9) The point of light include conductor.

From the practical point of view we are interested in the four values \u200b\u200bof the columns on the right:

• Gauge circuit breaker: 10A
• Maximum number of points used per circuit: 30
• Minimum cross-section conductors:
• 1.5 mm2 diameter tube that houses the wires: 16 mm.

The table above is for a voltage of 230V between phase and neutral.

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es

http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

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José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot . com /
http://coleto-electricidadbasica.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - SCHEMES BASIC FACILITIES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS IN HOUSING.
ISSUES.

1 .- Does it affect the power level of development of different societies in the world? Justify your answer.

2 .- power consumption, do you have regarding the environment? Justify your answer.

3 .- What is electricity?

4 .- What are the basic electric circuit elements? What is the function of each one of them?

5 .- explains the similarity between the electric voltage and the hydraulic circuit.

6 .- Speak Ohm's Law and expresses all its expressions.

7 .- What is the practical unit of electrical energy?

8 - What constitutes the Joule effect?

9 .- What are the most common unit of electrical power?

10 .- What is the equivalence between horsepower and kw?

11 .- Explain the concept of energy efficiency.

12 .- What are the processes taking place in our home when a switch turns on a lamp?

13 .- Define the intensity of electric current and explains simiitud in the electrical circuit.

14 .- Draw a basic electric circuit, lists its components and indicates the mission of each one of them.

15 .- Draw an electrical circuit in which this receptor by determining the potential difference.

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POWER ISSUES.

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEDULES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - FEATURES CIRCUIT IN HOUSING.

POWER.
Assuming that the process is reversible figure (theoretically) this would mean that the labor expended to raise m to a height h is the same as the potential energy m has height h , so we can establish that labor and energy are equivalent.

As mentioned in previous paragraphs.

P = W / t

Therefore, in accordance with that described in the preceding paragraph may provide that:

W = P xt

The practical unit of energy is the kilowatt - hour (Kwh)

Your physical drive is the July (J). A joule is the energy consumed by an electric circuit of one watt for one second.

1J = 1W x 1s

JOULE EFFECT.

James Prescott Joule (December 13, 1818 - October 11, 1889) English physicist, born in Salford, Manchester. Established the relationship between electric current flowing through an electrical conductor and the energy that is dissipated as heat in the same traffic as a result of electrical current.

Likewise established the mechanical equivalent of heat setting:

1Julio = o, 24 calories.

As July is the unit of energy we can establish the following expressions:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - ENERGY ELECTRIC.

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ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

QUESTIONS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - SCHEMES BASIC FACILITIES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS IN HOUSING.

ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL.

• Power is the amount of work done in unit time.

work in classical mechanics, is the product of force and the distance traveled and the cosine of the angle between two vector quantities together.

work is also called the energy used to deform or move a body overcome a resistance or acceleration or, more generally, to alter the energy of any physical system. The concept of work is tied closely to the concept of energy, both quantities measured in the same unit: the joule (joule in English).
To move the mass m from the point 1 to the point 2 we must apply a force F .

The product of the force applied multiplied by the distance between points 1 and 2 (L) is what is called work.

W = F x L

In electricity electric power is given by the expression:

P = V x I

Its unit is the watt. (W) Multiples

kilowatt (kW) Megawatt (MW)

W = 1,000 1Kw

1MW = 1,000,000 W

also
power is usually expressed in horsepower.

1HP = 736 w

shall see later that this expression is only valid when dealing with DC circuits and AC circuits but their load is completely resistive.

useful energy and lost energy.

to click on the image
I raised in the previous slide is consecuciencia the second law of thermodynamics " energy transformation across degradation occurs in the same, transforming this into heat ."

From there the concept of useful energy and energy loss.


Energy useful. Is that to actually we took advantage, ie transfomer is that in obtaining the desired effect. Its value is always, always be less than the total energy put into play.


Energy absorbed. is one that really bring to obtain the desired effect, some of this energy is not utilized but is necessary to provide for desired.


Performance. transperent The above shows that the NEXT CAT is "the relationship between what we desire and what we need to make to get the desired"

According to the second law of thermodynamics always yield less than one.

All the above can be referred to the power instead of energy all the above still valid until now.

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

Application example:

Suppose you are feeding an electric motor through an AC line which " is the energy that has occurred?

1 .- Heating of water to vapor state at a given pressure.

• For water vapor containing a given energy due to pressure has been to require an amount of heat greater than what we have to convey, this is due to transfer losses heat, evaporation of water in the fuel, etc.
  

2 .- Transfer of the energy contained in the steam turbine driving the electric generator.

• This transfer of energy, energy that is obtained is less than that contained water vapor, for various reasons, one of them is that to produce the rotation of the turbine there is a rub on their bodies Mobile resulting in a loss of energy.

3 .- Transfer of mechanical energy turbine electric generator.

• The energy got the steam turbine to yield to the break again when passes from the turbine to the generator and returning to see a series of losses, including: lost to friction losses in the magnetic circuits of the generator, etc..

4 .- Raising the output voltage of the generator for the transport of electricity.

• The electric energy is necessary to transport a high voltage value for which you use converters, these converters the energy that enters them is less than that out of them. Although stationary machines have lost power in the magnetic circuit.

5 .- Transportation of electricity.

In transport
• of electric power is a loss of power in the transport drivers.

6 .- Reduction of transport stress on the voltage.

• Once you reach the centers of consumption is reduced again by using the voltage transformer so that it becomes to produce a new energy loss.

7 .- Transport in low voltage to the point of consumption.

• processing centers since the low voltage occurs transportation to places of consumption and therefore will produce a loss of power in the conductor.

8 .- Conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy obtained from the motor shaft.

• In this transformation occur due to friction losses and the magnetic circuit of the motor.

Clik on the image.

As we can see the simple fact of activating a mecanimo to start a machine has a series of energy transformations in any case mean that the energy that really get much lower than we bring in the origin of the process .

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY ELECTRICAL - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER.

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ELEMENTARY STEPS IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT LAW ELEMENTARY

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEDULES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS HOUSING.

MEASURES IN THE ELEMENTARY ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.

We have said that the basic electrical circuit had three fundamental values: voltage, resistance and intensity, which magnitudes are related by Ohm's Law as we have seen. For the establishment of this law is necessary to make measurements of these quantities in the circuit and see that actually meets Ohm's Law.

Measure voltage or electric potential difference (V)

The dap is measured with the voltmeter, the measurement device is connected in parallel with the circuit to which you want to measure voltage.

As shown in the figure has been connected a voltmeter (V) in parallel with the lamp circuit, thus determine the potential difference between terminals of the lamp.

The measurement result is expressed in volts (V)

• Submutiplos (mV) mV. 1 V = 1000 mV
  
• Multiples (KV) kV 1 kV = 1000 V

Measuring the intensity of electric current (I)

intensity electric current is measured with the ammeter, this device is connected in series with the electric circuit to which you want to measure the intensity.

As you can see the ammeter (A) was inserted in series with the circuit, thus determining the intensity of the electric current running through the circuit.

resistance measurement.

electricity resistance is measured with the ohmmeter (omega) connected in parallel with this resistance is to be determined.

The measurement result is expressed in ohms (omega)

Multiples: Ohm, Ohm M

1 kOhm = 1000 Ohm, Ohm

1MOhm = 1000000

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER.

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OHM ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PARAMETER

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON circuits is ELECTRICAL ELEMENTARY. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - SCHEMES BASIC FACILITIES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS IN HOUSING.

2. Ohm's Law Resistance of a conductor
3. resistivity of electrical conductors.

Ohm's law.

• We analyzed the three fundamental quantities of electric circuit elements, which are: Voltage or potential difference, electric current intensity and resistance of the electrical circuit.
  
  

The name of this Act is due to the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789 - 1854), it was established that:

• The intensity of current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference between the ends of the conductor and inversely proportional to the resistance which it opposes the passage of current.
  
  

Expressed mathematically:

I = V / R

This expression is derived from two others:

V = I x R

R = V / I

electrical resistance of the circuit we have said, is composed of the resistance of the circuit load (lamp) plus the reluctance of the drivers.

In the circuit of the load resistance depends the resistance of the filament of the lamp connected to the circuit.
The conductor resistance will depend on:

1. Nature of electrical conductor.


2. length.
   
3. Section.
   
4. conductor temperature.

The first three parameters are related by the expression:

R = (ro x L) / S

Where:

R = resistance of conductor. Ro

= resistivity of the material. (Greek letter)

L = length of the conductors.

S = section of the conductors.

resistivity.

• Resistivity is the specific resistance of each substance to the passage of electric current, the resistivity of the conductor varies with temperature, at temperatures higher resistivity.

The inverse of resistivity is conductivity is the ease with which drivers have to pass electric current. Just as the resistivity varies with temperature.

Table of resistivities:

The length is directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor, the greater length is greater resistance.

The section is inversely proportional to the resistance of the driver, a larger section of less resistance.

resistance as a function of temperature.

the electric conductors in the temperature range resistivity variations of the same and therefore the tensile, this phenomenon can be exploited to measure temperature with the use of resistance thermometers.


transparariencia

The below are given the temperature coefficients of some materials as well as the expression to calculate the value of a given temperature restencia-

(chop on the image)

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INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER.

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ELEMENTAL.

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/
http://coleto-electricidadbasica.blogspot.com/
http://coleto-rebt.blogspot.com/

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEDULES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS IN HOUSING.

ELEMENTARY ELECTRIC CIRCUIT PARAMETER.

electrical potential difference (ddp). Electric voltage.

The potential difference or voltage is the cause that allows the movement electric current from one point to another electrical circuit. If there is no potential difference can not be established electrical current flow.
transpariencia The following is the hydraulic metaphor of representing the potential difference in the electrical circuit.



When entering deposits, A and B, there is no difference in level, the energy potential of both deposits is the same and therefore can not be established movement of water between them. When deposits
between A and B, there nivle difference, potential energy is different, the tank A has more potential energy than B and therefore if you can provide water circulation between the two deposits.

Therefore we can define:

electric voltage or potential difference. (V)

is the power level difference between any two points in the electrical circuit (similar to the difference of level in the hydraulic circuit.)

his unit is volt (V)

Amperage electric.

resulting effect is the property that all bodies are electrically neutralized.

The intensity of electric current a priori be related the degree of potential difference existing in the electrical circuit.

If we think of the above simile is clear that, other things being equal, the intensity of water flow (expenditure) will be directly proportional to the difference in level between the two reservoirs.

Therefore we can define.

intensity electric current (I)

intensity is the speed at which the electron beams moving the wire. (The water flow in hydraulic circuit)

Its unit is the ampere (A).

electrical resistance.

electrical resistance is the opposition that drivers oppose the flow of electric current. It is characteristic of each substance.

The elementary electric circuit manisfiestan two types of resistance:

• The opposite conductors for electrical circuit.
• opposed by the load circuit. (Eg lamp)

is represented by the letter R, and its unit, the ohm (Ω).

Referring back to hydraulic analogy:

• Why driving style more easily circulate the water?:

a) For a totally smooth copper.

b) For a concrete with many ridges.

Obviously circulate more easily by driving copper if other factors remain constant driving (section, length, etc.).

• When the higher the "cost" of water?

a) When the gap between A and B deposits as large as possible.

b) When the gap between A and B deposits as small as possible to establish the flow of water.

seems logical that in the situation) water circulation will be faster and therefore a greater potential difference favors the flow of current if the other variables are held constant circuit.

CONTENTS:

INTRODUCTION - FIGURES IN THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ELEMENTARY - OHM'S LAW - ACTION ON ELECTRIC circuits is ELEMENTAL. - ELECTRIC POWER CIRCUIT ELEMENTAL . - POWER. - ISSUES. - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEDULES - BASIC FACILITIES SCHEME (II) - CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCUITS IN HOUSING.

José García Coleto jogarcol@yahoo.es
http://coleto-automatismosyautomatas.blogspot.com/
http://coleto-electricidadbasica.blogspot.com/
Http://coleto-rebt.blogspot.com/

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magnetic and electromagnetic


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